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Impact on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Analysis of institutional authors

Sesa Nogueras, EnricAuthorFaundez-Zanuy, MCorresponding AuthorGarnacho-Castano, MvAuthor

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October 11, 2021
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The Effect of Fatigue on the Performance of Online Writer Recognition

Publicated to: Cognitive Computation. 13 (5): 1374-1388 - 2021-10-03 13(5), DOI: 10.1007/s12559-021-09943-5

Authors:

Sesa-Nogueras, Enric; Faundez-Zanuy, Marcos; Garnacho-Castano, Manuel-Vicente
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Affiliations

Departament De Tecnologia. Tecnocampus - Author
Escola Super Ciencies La Salut, TecnoCampus Mataro-Maresme, Barcelona, Spain - Author
Escola Super Politecn, TecnoCampus Mataro-Maresme, Barcelona, Spain - Author
Escola Superior de Ciències de la Salut Tecnocampus. Tecnocampus - Author
Grup de recerca de en Activitat Física, Rendiment i Salut. Tecnocampus - Author
Grup de Recerca en Tractament del senyal i dades. Tecnocampus - Author
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Abstract

The performance of biometric modalities based on things done by the subject, like signature and text-based recognition, may be affected by the subject's state. Fatigue is one of the conditions that can significantly affect the outcome of handwriting tasks. Recent research has already shown that physical fatigue produces measurable differences in some features extracted from common writing and drawing tasks. It is important to establish to which extent physical fatigue contributes to the intra-person variability observed in these biometric modalities and also to know whether the performance of recognition methods is affected by fatigue. In this paper, we assess the impact of fatigue on intra-user variability and on the performance of signature-based and text-based writer recognition approaches encompassing both identification and verification. Several signature and text recognition methods are considered and applied to samples gathered after different levels of induced fatigue, measured by metabolic and mechanical assessment and also by subjective perception. The recognition methods are dynamic time warping and multi-section vector quantization, for signatures, and allographic text-dependent recognition for text in capital letters. For each fatigue level, the identification and verification performance of these methods is measured. Signature shows no statistically significant intra-user impact, but text does. On the other hand, performance of signature-based recognition approaches is negatively impacted by fatigue, whereas the impact is not noticeable in text-based recognition, provided long enough sequences are considered.
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Keywords

BiometricsCharacter recognitionFatigueOn-line writer recognitionOnline writer recognitionPerformancePhysical fatiguesRecognition methodsS stateSignatureSignature-based writer recognitionText-based writer recognitionWriter recognition

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Cognitive Computation due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency Scopus (SJR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2021, it was in position , thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Computer Science Applications.

Independientemente del impacto esperado determinado por el canal de difusión, es importante destacar el impacto real observado de la propia aportación.

Según las diferentes agencias de indexación, el número de citas acumuladas por esta publicación hasta la fecha 2026-04-20:

  • WoS: 1
  • Scopus: 2
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Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2026-04-20:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 5.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 5 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 2.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 3 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.
  • Assignment of a Handle/URN as an identifier within the deposit in the Institutional Repository: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12367/2854
Continuing with the social impact of the work, it is important to emphasize that, due to its content, it can be assigned to the area of interest of ODS 4 - Quality Education, with a probability of 83% according to the mBERT algorithm developed by Aurora University.
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Leadership analysis of institutional authors

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (Sesa-Nogueras, E) and Last Author (Garnacho Castaño, Manuel Vicente).

the author responsible for correspondence tasks has been Faúndez Zanuy, Marcos.

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Project objectives

Los objetivos perseguidos en esta aportación se centran en evaluar el impacto de la fatiga física sobre la variabilidad intrausuario y el rendimiento de métodos de reconocimiento biométrico basados en escritura y firma. Se pretende analizar la contribución de la fatiga a la variabilidad intra-personal en modalidades biométricas dinámicas. Además, se busca determinar cómo afecta la fatiga a la identificación y verificación mediante técnicas de reconocimiento de firma y texto. Se propone caracterizar el efecto de distintos niveles de fatiga, medidos metabólica, mecánica y subjetivamente, en el desempeño de métodos como dynamic time warping, vectorización por secciones y reconocimiento alográfico dependiente del texto. Finalmente, se aspira a comparar la influencia de la fatiga en firmas y textos para identificar diferencias significativas en el rendimiento.
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Most relevant results

Este estudio analiza el impacto de la fatiga en el reconocimiento biométrico de escritores mediante firmas y texto. Los resultados más relevantes son: (1) la fatiga no produce un impacto intrausuario estadísticamente significativo en las firmas; (2) en cambio, sí afecta la variabilidad intrausuario en el reconocimiento basado en texto; (3) la fatiga disminuye el rendimiento de los métodos de reconocimiento por firma, incluyendo dynamic time warping y multi-section vector quantization; (4) el reconocimiento basado en texto en mayúsculas no muestra un impacto negativo significativo en su desempeño, siempre que se utilicen secuencias suficientemente largas; y (5) la fatiga se midió mediante evaluaciones metabólicas, mecánicas y percepción subjetiva, garantizando una evaluación integral.
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Awards linked to the item

This work was supported by a Spanish grant PID2020113242RB-I00.
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